![]() Genetic diversity was also evaluated using Shannon Wiener (H′) and Simpson’s (λ) Indices, and Pilou evenness (J) using the library vegan from R software. The color CIELab parameters were collected via PCE-CSM7 that separately measured the leaves dark and silvery patterns and the flower’s slip (region of the petal top), eye (the region of the petal base) and sepal. ![]() persicum varieties and 16 Cyclamen species using multivariate analysis for 36 morphological traits (19 quantitative and 17 qualitative) and molecular characterization (SRAP and SCoT markers). This study investigated the genetic diversity of 32 Cyclamen genotypes comprising 16 C. Morphological and molecular characterization of germplasm is essential for the improvement of cultivated plants efforts. In most cases, the use of principal component analysis confirmed the grouping of characters into species-specific clusters although one or two clusters could not differentiate species, indicating that morphological and cluster analyses alone are not enough for characterizing this complex Cyclamen germplasm and that molecular techniques may reveal more intricate and useful relationships. The measurements related to morphological characteristics had a wide range of variation, including in tuber diameter, leaf length and width, petal length, petal color, and leaf shape, indicating the vast morphological differences among these four cyclamen species. ![]() In addition to these morphological observations, 13 quantitative traits (7 flower, 5 leaf, 1 tuber) were measured. A total of 27 phenotypic characters (13 flower, 11 leaf, 2 plant, 1 tuber) were evaluated based on a detailed descriptor's list. coum Mill.) was characterized using 1-year-old regenerated plants. The morphology of four Cyclamen species (C. Sampled plants were propagated and cultivated in Adana. Collection took place in spring and autumn in Adana, Osmaniye, Kahramanmaraş, İzmir and Eskişehir provinces, 50 samples per location. In this study, intact cyclamen plants were collected from nature with their tubers intact. There are 10 cyclamen species growing naturally in Turkey, five of which are endemic. Twenty cyclamen taxa belonging to the Primulaceae originate from the Mediterranean region and grow under trees and bushes.
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